OSI model vs TCP/IP model

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 OSI (Open system interconnect) and TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)


1. Explain OSI Layer? 
▪ Open system interconnect (OSI) was developed by the international organization for standardization (ISO) and introduced in 1984. 
▪ It’s a consists of seven layers 
▪ Application layer, Presentation layer, Session layer, Transport layer, Network layer, Data link layer, Physical layer. 
2.Which Layer is Responsible for Reliable Connection? 
The transport layer guarantees a reliable end-to-end connection 

 
3.What are Different protocol works at each of the Layer in OSI model? 

Application layer
 It’s responsible for providing an interface for the user to interact with application services or network services. Ex-Web browser (HTTP), Telnet 

Presentation layer 
It’s responsible for defining a standard format to the data. The major functions described at this layer are: - Encoding-Decoding Ex- AVI-(video), WAV-(voice), JPEG (graphite), ASCII (text) Encryption-Decryption 

Session layer 
It’s responsible for establishing, maintaining, and terminating the sessions. Session ID is used to identify a session or interaction. Ex-Remote procedural call, Apple talk session protocol 

Transport Layer 
It provides data delivery mechanism between applications in the network. 
Transport layer is the major function layerIn OSI layer Identifying service Multiplexing&De-multiplexing Segmentation, Error correction, flow control Transport layer protocols? The protocols which takes care of data transport at transport layer are TCP/UDP 
Different between TCP/UDP 
 TCP                                                                 UDP 
Transmission Control Protocol                    User datagram protocol 
Connection Oriented                                       Connection less 
 Support acknowledgements                        No support for acknowledgements 
Reliable communication                              Unreliable communication 
Protocol no.6                                                    Protocol no.17 
Ex-HTTP, FTP, SMTP                                         DNS, DHCP, TFTP 

Network Layer 
It provides logical addressing path determination (routing) The protocols that work in this layer are: -Routed Protocol, Routing Protocol 
Routed Protocols →Used to carry user data between data. 
Routing Protocols →used performs path determinization routing. 

Data link layer
 It provides communication with network layer. Mac (media access control) it provides reliable transit of data across a physical link. 

 Physical layer 
It defines the electrical, mechanical functional specification for communication between the network devices. 

The OSI model and TCP/IP model differences




The OSI model divides several functions into separate layers, whereas the TCP/IP model combines these functions into a single layer. This is the primary distinction between the two models. This holds true for the TCP/IP paradigm's application and network access levels, each of which has several layers described in the OSI model.

This is an important distinction since it may make troubleshooting problems or improving performance while utilizing the TCP/IP architecture more challenging. To determine why data is not coming out as you anticipate, you can, for instance, concentrate on the application layer, presentation layer, or session layer using the OSI model.

However, in the TCP/IP architecture, the application layer combines the functions of these three tiers. Stated differently, if someone says, "There is a problem in the application layer," someone who uses the OSI model may become perplexed and ask, "Okay, but which part of the application layer?"

OSI Model vs. TCP/IP: How to Decide
All other things being equal, the OSI model is the better option for a lot of users. It simplifies network performance improvement and debugging by breaking down the network's functions into multiple layers.

Nonetheless, TCP/IP has the benefit of having a wider range of applications and is frequently utilized in more modern networking configurations. For some administrators, this makes it better because it might be the framework that other administrators or teammates use most frequently.

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